Revised 8/16/2017. Copyright @2017; The following Documentary Timeline has been compiled and created by Paul Rhetts. It may be copied for research purposes; but it may not be reproduced for inclusion in any printed or electronic distribution of any kind without the express written permission of the author. Any requests to use this information should be sent to Paul Rhetts, LPDPress@q.com.


Peter BINCKELE (1704-1793) m. (1) Ana Maria Salome WERLE (1704-1748); (2) Anna Maria Margaretha GEIGER (1721-1803)
s/o Christian BINGGELI (1669-1713) and Elsbeth BURRI (1669-1716)
1-d/o Johannes WEHRLI (1669-1720) and Marguerite NEUVILLERS (1663-1707)
2-d/o Johann Jacob GEIGER (nd) and Anna Elisabetha _____ (nd)
NOT WIFE: Anna Barbara LANDIS (1704-1771); d/o Felix LANDIS (1672-1739) and Rosina WELTHER (1675-1739)

(1) Children:
1. Maria (1725-1734)
2. Catarina (1727-1791) m. George Honig
3. Peter (1728-1780)
4. Christman (1729-1779)
5. Maria Barbara (1730- )
6. Anna (1731-bef 1780)
7. Felix (1732-1781) m. Anna Miley
8. Maria Sarah (1733-1820) m. (1) Leonard Moser; (2) Edward Bartley
9. Margaretha (1735-1834) m. Hans Ulrich Vollenweider (Fulwider)
10. Jacob (1736- )
11. Christina (1737-1799) m. Casper Welgang Fischer, 1757
12. Elizabeth (1739-bef 1780)
13. Johannes John (1743-1801) m. (1) Anna Schor (Shore); (2) Johanna Jacobine Leedy, 1762
14. Johann Adam (1744-1837) m. Maria Magdalena Weller
15. Twins (1745-1745)

(2) Children:
16. Elisabeth (1749-1780) m. George Harbaugh
17. Christian (1751-1799) did not marry
18. Johann Peter (1753-1819) m. Susanna Margaretha Dull
19. Anna Maria (1755-1759)
20. Friedrich (1757-1834) m. Elizabeth Dull
21. Joseph (1761-1794) m. Catharina Holder, 1786
22. unnamed infant (1763- )
23. Anna Maria (1764-1790) did not marry
24. Jacob (1767-aft 1793) m. Maria Barbara Demuth

Peter Binckele was born in 1704 in Guggisberg, Bern, Switzerland, son of Christian Binckele or Binggeli and Elisabeth Burri. His father died when he was about 9, and when he was 13 his mother moved into Alsace [now Bas-Rhin, France]. He was living with his brother in the Steinthal district of Germany when he met and married Anna Maria Werle (1704-1748).
Peter Binkele, Maria Werle, and their eight children immigrated to America on the Princess Augustus, landing in Philadelphia on September 16, 1736. Seven more children were born before 1745. They lived at Warwick (Lititz) and then near York, PA, where Anna Maria died in 1748.
Peter then married Anna Margaretha Geiger, the widow Schnell (1722-1803) in 1749 and moved with her to Monocacy Maryland in 1763. They finally settled near Bethania NC in 1772. Peter died there in 1793, survived by 12 of his total of 23 children from the two marriages.
Peter's will, written 3 March 1791 and probated in September 1793 in Stokes county North Carolina names his wife Margaretha, his sons John, Peter, Frederick, Joseph, Jacob, and Christian, and his stepson John Shemel, all of North Carolina, his son John Adam in Cumberland, and his daughters Sarah (Edward) Bartley, Christina (Caspter) Fisher, Catherine Henig, Margaretha (Ulrio) Wollewether, and Elizabeth, dec. (Georg) Herbock.
[Anna Barbara Binckele (wife of Johann Valentine Frey) was oringinally thought to be the daughter of Peter Binkele and Maria Werle. Further research has shown that this is unlikey. Anna Barbara is more likely to be the daughter of one of Peter Binkele's brothers and thus still the grand daughter of Christian Binkele. Research is continuing on the ancestry of Anna Barbara Binckele]

2 Mar 1704 Peter “The Moravian” BINCKELE born at Guggisberg, Bern, Switzerland; Immigrated on the "Princess Augusta," arriving in Philadelphia, September 16, 1736. First Moravian Church, York County, Pennsylvania, gives his birth date as March 2, 1704, in Guggisberg, Bern, Switzerland.

28 Oct 1704 Ana Maria Salome WERLE born at Bern, Switzerland (many sources say Peter was married only TWICE not three times: LANDIS appears to NOT BE A WIFE)

abt 1713 Peter's Father died when he was about nine years old. His mother moved him to Alsace France when he was 13 years old. He lived with his brother in Steinthal, Germany were he married Anna Maria Werle.

18 Jan 1721 Anna Maria Margaretha GEIGER born at Bissingen, Dillingen, Bayern, Germany (on the Eatz Wuerttemberg); married (1) Georg Peter ENGLERT; one child Georg Peter ENGLERT nd (one source says birth was 1722)

2 Feb 1725 Peter BINCKELE and Ana Maria Salome WERLE married at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (one source says 1724) (one source says she had 14 children [Records of the First Moravian Church, City of York, York County, Pennsylvania, 1758-1800] He was living with his brother in the Steinthal district of Germany when he met and married Anna Maria Werle (1704-1748).
Children of Peter Binckele and Anna Maria Werle
1. Maria Binckele (1725-?)
2. Catharina Binckele (1727-?) m. ? Honig (Honey)
3. Peter Binckele (1728-?) probably died in childhood
4. Christman Binckele (1729-?) probably died in childhood
5. Anna Binckele (1731-?)
6. Sarah Binckele (1733-?) m. 1) Leonard Moser, 2) Edward Bartley
7. Margaretha Binckele (1735-?) m. Hans Ulrich (Fulwider) Vollenweider (lived Augusta Co. VA)
8. Christina Binckele (1738-?) m. Caspar Fischer, living Cumberland TN
9. Elisabeth Binckele (1740-?) probably died in childhood
10. Anna Barbara Binckele (1741-?) probably died in childhood
11. Johannes Binckele (1743-ca. 1801) m. 1) Anna Schor/Shore and m. 2) Johanna Jacobina Lyd/Leedy
12. Johann Adam Binkley (1744-1837) m. Maria Magdalena Weller (1744-1826), lived Cheatham Co. TN
13-14. unnamed twin infants (b. & d. 1745)

25 Dec 1725 dau Maria BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France); married ____ HONIG (born 12-26-1725)

25 Mar 1727 dau Catharina BINCKELE born at Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France; died 1791 at Stoverstown, VA; married George HONIG (HONEY) and moved to Stoverstown Virginia

25 Jun 1728 son Peter BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France); died young?

27 Sep 1729 son Christman BINCKELE born at Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France; died 30 Apr 1779 at Stokes, Forsyth, North Carolina

26 Jan 1730 dau Maria Barbara BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France)

26 Jan 1731 dau Anna BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France)

1732 Peter BINCKELE was struck by lightning in 1732, and the burns confined him to bed for several weeks.

24 Feb 1733 dau [Maria] Sarah BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France); died 1829 at Stokes, NC; married (1) Leonard MOSER May 1746 at Frederick Co, MD (they had 15 children); (2) Edward Nathaniel BARTLEY (2-24-1733-1820)

24 Jul 1735 dau Margaretha BINCKELE born at Streinthal Dist, Alsace, Germany (Solbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France); married Hans Vollenweider; (also appears as Wolleweller, Fulwider and Wollewether; died 1736 at Augusta, VA)

16 SEP 1736 Peter BINCKELE and Ana Maria Salome WERLE immigrated to Philadelphia on ship Princess Augusta [He came with Hance (Johannes (Hance) Binggeli 1695 was Peter’s older brother) and Hance junior] [information regarding the arrival in America of Johannes Binkley Sr. and his son Johannes Binkley Jr. Both suffered the same hardships of losing valuable goods when their ship Princess Augusta landed in Philadelphia in 1736] They immigrated in 1736, settling first at Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, for two years, then to the Codorus nine miles above Yorktown in York County, Pennsylvania. Peter received a warrant for 150 acres in North Codorus Township, York County, Pennsylvania. Peter's Father died when he was about nine years old. His mother moved him to Alsace France when he was 13 years old. He lived with his brother in Steinthal, Germany were he married Anna Maria Werle. [HALL, CHARLES M. "Pal-Index": A Surname Index of Eighteenth-Century Immigrants. Salt Lake City: Global Research Systems, 1979. P.9] [HALL, CHARLES M. "Surname Index." In The Palatine Immigrant, vol. 1:1 (Summer 1975), pp. 7-23] [RUPP, ISRAEL DANIEL. A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776, with a Statement of the Names of Ships, Whence They Sailed, and the Date of Their Arrival at Philadelphia, Chronologically Arranged, Together with the Necessary Historical and Other Notes, also, an Appendix Containing Lists of More Than One Thousand German and French Names in New York prior to 1712. Leipzig [Germany]: p.103] They settled into the area of Warwick, Pennsylvania for 2 years before moving to Catores, Pennsylvania.

23 Oct 1736 son Jacob BINCKELE born at Warwick, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

bet 1736-1739 Link to the Memoir of Peter Binkley born 1704, the Moravian, who also came with Johannes Binkley Sr. and his son Johannes Binkley Jr. It tells that Peter born 1704 and his nephew, Johannes Binkley Jr. stayed in Cocalico Twp, Lancaster County Pennsylvania for two years before leaving for Codorus Twp., York County, Pennsylvania. Memoir states that his father died in his 90th year, and that in his thirteenth year his mother moved to Alsace, and in the following year his brother came for him, and he lived with his brother for three years herding cattle. Then he served another farmer for two years. This man advised him to learn the trade of shoemaker. He had been in that work only fourteen days when he engaged himself to an innkeeper as a driver. The large size of the farm and the many opportunities for doing evil led him to be concerned about the salvation of his soul. In order to get away from that place, he married Anna Maria Wehrli and remained in the neighborhood, that is the Steinthal District, for twelve years, supporting his family by cutting wood in the forest and burning charcoal.

21 Feb 1737 dau Christina BINCKELE born at PA?; married Caspar Welgang FISCHER; lived in Cumberland TN

17 Feb 1738 Peter Binkeley asked Odille and Peter Brüllhard to godparent his daughter, Christina, at the Holy Trinity Church of Lancaster, on February 17, 1738.

16 Feb 1739 dau Elizabeth BINCKELE born at PA; died young

26 Mar 1743 son Johannes John BINCKELE born at Codorus, York, Pennsylvania; died 28 Jun 1801 at 13th Civil District, Robertson, Tennessee; married Johanna Jacobina LEEDY/LYD on 1 Dec 1762 at York, York, PA (b. 1744 in PA; d/o John Mary LEEDY and Elizabeth); lived Robertson Co. TN

13 Aug 1744 son Johann Adam BINCKELE born at Codorus, York, Pennsylvania died 3 Mar 1837 at Sycamore Creek, Davidson, Tennessee; married Maria Magdalena WELLER (1744-1826); lived in Cheatham Co TN

1 Sep 1745 son, twins; died in child birth? [son George Joseph BINCKELE born at York, York, Pennsylvania; died 9 Jul 1761 [Twins died unbaptized: Records of the First Moravian Church, City of York, York County, Pennsylvania, 1758-1800]

Sept 1748 Ana Maria Salome WERLE died at Codorus, York, PA (Warwick (Lititz)

3 Feb 1749 Peter BINCKELE and Anna Maria Margaretha GEIGER married at North Carolina (one source says York, PA) (one source says By 1772 he had married for the second time and moved his family to Wachoavia, three miles from Bethania.]
Children of Peter Binckele and Anna Margaretha Geiger
15. Elisabeth Binckele (1749-1780) m. George Harbaugh (b. 1747) (s/o George Harbaugh and Catherine Williard (widow Bender)
16. Christian Binckele (1751-1799) did not marry
17. Johann Peter Binckele (1753-1819) m. Susanna Margaretha Dull (1759-1822)
18. Anna Maria Binckele (1755-1759,PA)
19. Friedrich Binckele (1757-1834) m. Elizabeth Dull (1764-1849)
20. Joseph Binkley (1761-1794) m. Catharina Holder (1762-1816)
21. unnamed infant
22. Anna Maria Binckele (1764-1790,NC) did not marry
23. Jacob Binckele (1767-?) m. Maria Barbara Demuth

1749 dau Elizabeth BINCKELE born; died 1780; married George HARBAUGH (s/o George Harbaugh (Herbach, Herbock) and Catherine Williard (widow Bender)

1750 He joined the Moravians in 1750.

10 Sep 1750 Peter BINKLE received a land warrant (#13) in Codorus, York, PA for 150ac.
8ac, 64ps Retd, &ca, 8th Nov 1809 in, al
16ac, 126ps, Retd, &ca, 4th Aug 1809
4ac, 155ps, Retd, &ca, 15th May 1820 in, al, H.
21ac, 152ps, Retd, &ca, 6th Mar 1830
53ac, 31ps, Retd, &ca, 12th Jul 1837 in, al
60ac, 90ps, Retd, &ca, 12th Jul 1837 in, al
9ac, 104ps, Retd, &ca, 29th Jan 1838 in,al,B.
135ac, 04ps, Retd, &ca, 17th Sep 1845

28 Jan 1751 son Christian BINCKELE born; died 1799 (did not marry, referred to in his father's will as "simple-minded")

30 Jan 1753 son Johann Peter BINCKELE born; died 10 Apr 1819 in MD; married Susanna Margaretha DULL (1759-1822)

22 Feb 1755 dau Anna Maria BINCKELE born; died 26 Jul 1759; Records of the Moravians in NC 5:2312 refers to her as a single woman and simple-minded.

9 Jul 1757 son Friederich BINCKELE born; died Apr 1834; married Elizabeth DULL (1764-1849)

1757 Brother Johannes Binggeli died at Lampeter, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (born 1695); buried at Landis Valley Mennonite Cemetery

16 Jul 1758 Peter BINCKELE: "Together with a son Johanes Werner they brought into the Society July 16, 1758 [I assume 'brought into' might mean 'were brought nto']

9 Jul 1761 son Joseph BINCKELE born; died 6 May 1794; married in 1786 to Catharin HOLDER (1762-1816)

Apr 1763 In 1763 he moved to Monocacy, MD, but sold his property there in 1772 and moved to Wachovia, NC, settling three miles from Bethania, Forsyth County, North Carolina. He had a total of 23 children from the two marriages, of which 11 survived him. They went out of Castores Township to “Manakony” & after some time went further in North Carolina.

1763 unnamed infant BINCKELE

29 Aug 1764 dau Anna Maria BINCKELE born in MD; died 29 Jan 1790 in NC; Records of the Moravians in NC 5:2312 refers to her as a single woman and simple-minded.

1767 son Jacob BINCKELE born; married Maria Barbara DEMUTH

1770s There are records of Peter Binckele when he was a waggoner in the Revolutionary, Peter delivered supplies to the militia and earned a place as a Revolutionary Patriot with DAR, Daughters of the American Revolution. He also was an esteemed member of the Moravian church in North Carolina. There is a copy of his will and other records in the Moravian Archives in Winston Salem. Growing up in poverty he cut wood and herded cattle to make his living before coming with other relatives to this country. He heard in person the famous Count Zinzendorf and frequently heard Brother Spangenberg preacher.

1772 Peter BINCLE listed on Surry Co, NC Early Tax List

14 Aug 1778 The Journal of Surry County Genealogical Society, May, 1993 (Dobson, N. C.) They were Moravian - Christian Frey (Frei), Peter Frey, Peter Binckele (Binckely), and about 100 others appear on a petition to the government of North Carolina dated August 14, 1778. That gave them liberty to take an Affirmation instead of an Oath, and guaranteed freedom from personal service in war. Marshall 0218, p. 1

11 Jul 1782 Bethania. Brother Binckele came to have his Memoir written, which was done on the 12th by Sr. Cramer.

7 Aug 1790 Old Brother Binckely came to say good bye, as next week he is going with his son Christian to the Springs to take the cure.

1790 Federal Census for Cocalico, Lancaster, PA lists Peter Binkley: 2 males under 16, 1 male over 16; 3 females (doc); Federal Census for Stokes, NC lists Peter Binkele: 1 male over 16, 3 females (doc); Federal Census for Stokes, NC lists Peter Binkele: 3 males over 16, 2 females (doc)

7 Aug 1790 Will of Peter Binkley
Stokes County, NC, August 7, 1790
In the name of God Amen, I peter Binkley of the County of Stokes in the State of NC being of sound disposing mind memory and understanding through the Mercy of God, Do make and ordain this my last Will and testament in manner and from following that is to say, First and principally I resign my soul with the utmost Humility into the hands of the Almighty God my Creator humbly hoping for a blessed immortality through the Merits and meditation of my blessed Savior and redeemer Jesus Christ & my body I desire may be peacebly and decently buried.
And as for such Temporal Estate as the lord in his great goodness & mercy has given me & whereof I am now in possession I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife MARGARETHA during her natural life all the rents interest profits and income of all my Estates both real and personal to have and to hold the same for and during her natural life and unto the full end & espiration thereof.
And as for the Management of my said Estate I will that after my decease an exact inventory and appraisement of all my Estate borth real and personal be made by two knowing and honest Freeholders out of the Neighborhood the one of them to be chosen by my said wife Margartha and the other by my executors hereafter to be named and if two such freeholders cannot agree then the said freeholders shall choose the third freeholder to be arbiter between them. And I will that after the execution of such inventory and appraisement/: Copies whereof in writing are to be given, one unto my said wife Margaretha and another unto my executors.
All my lands, tenements, -------livestock, and chattel by my said exectors shall be let out at and for the most improved rent that may and can be gotten for the same for the benefit of my said wife Margaretha and therefore she shall be maintained for and during her natural life and so that the lands, tenements ------& buildings with every thing there unto belonging or appertaining and also every thing rented away shall be kept in good order by the renter or executor.
I further will that my said wife MARGARETHA shall keep and rent the plantation whereon I now live together with the buildings thereon if she is willing to do so and in case she declines the keeping and the said plantation then the said plantation by my said executors shall be let out to any other person or persons to the best advantage as aforesaid and further I will that in any case my said wife MARGARETHA during her natural life shall keep unto her own use my now dwelling house without an Gift or Maturation whatsoever.
I further give and bequeath unto my sons JOHN Binkley, PETER Binkley, FREDRICK Binkley, JOSEPH Binkley, JACOB Binkley, CHRISTIAN Binkley, and JOHN SHEMEL all in the State of NORTH CAROLINA and likewise unto my son JOHN ADAM Binkley in CUMBERLAND to each of them the sum of three pound lawful money of the State to be taken into possession by each of them within one half year after the decease of my wife Margaretha.
After deduction the above twenty four pounds which I have already disposed of, all my estate both real and personal shall be divided into fourteen equal parts of which I give unto my son John Binkley now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my son Peter Binkley now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my son Joseph Binkley now in North Carolina one Part. I give unto my son Fredrick Binkley now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my son Jacob Binkley now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my son Christian Binkley now in North Carolina two parts. I give unto my son John Adam Binkley now in Cumberland one part. I give unto my son John Shemel, who is a natural son of my wife Margaretha now in North Carolina 1 part. I give into my Daughter SARA BARTLY, wife of EDWARD BARTLY of North Carolina one part, I give unto my daughter CHRISTINA FISHER, wife of CHASPER FISHER of Cumberland one part. I give unto my daughter CATHERINE HONIG wife of HONIG, Dec'd of STOVERSTOWN in VIRGINIA one part. I give unto my Daughter MARGARETHA WOLLEWEATHER, WIFE OF ULRIC WOLLENWETHER of STANTON in VIRGINIA one part. I give unto my daughter ELIZABETH HERBACH, deceased late the wife of GEORG HERBACH of MANAKOSEY in MARYLAND one part and whereas my daughter Elizabeth Herbach is deceased I will that the part belonging to her shall be given to and divided among the Children of her body equally to each one alike out of the above part.
And I will that each of my sons and each of my daughters shall have their parts respectively within the span of one year after the above Division. And I will that my son Christian Binkley, who seems to be of a Simple & unthoughtful Mind and disposition shall Choose one of his own Brothers, with who he shall stay during the remainder of his life which Brother so chose if he is willing to perform it shall give a bond with approved Security unto my said son Christian to be secured by any honest & able friend he may choose for that purpose that my said son Christian during the remainder of his lifetime and to the full end and expiration thereof shall stay with him the said Brother. He, the said Brother during all such time shall find unto and for my said son Christian good and sufficient meat, Drink, clothing, washing, lodging, and good attendance in Sickness and after his decease shall cause him to be decently buried. He, the said brother as a reward for his services shall have all the benefit of my son Christian's labors and after having performed all and every such Article and Articles the said brother shall have then all the inheritance which my said son Christian may then have or which he may be entitled to take possession of by virtue of this my Last Will & testament and
I further will that all and every of my Children who may have had of me money, land, good, or chattel or any other articles whatsoever on account of their respective inheritances before the signing of this my Last Will and Testament shall be accountable for the same unto my Estate and also shall pay interest at the rate of 5 per Centum per annum unto my Estate and the Interest to begin from the first Day of January AD, one thousand seven hundred & niney one and likewise I will that who afterward may get any Articles of what name soever of me or of my said Wife Margaretha on account of his or her inheritance shall therefore be accountable unto my Estate and shall pay interest as above mentioned unto my Estate after the decease of my said wife Margartha and I will that after the decease of my Wife Margaretha any real Estate by my executors hereafter to be name shall be sold to the highest Bidder ad to the best advantage and I herewife eimpower my said executors to make good, full and sufficient title of all my real Estate or any part thereof to any buyer thereof.
And I will that my Executors shall not be answerable the one of or the other or for the acts, deed or defaults of the other nor shall either of them be answerable for any part of my Estate but such as shall come to his respective hands.
And I do hereby will and appoint they my executors shall by and out of my Estate retain & Satisfy themselves all such Costs and charges as they shall reasonable be put unto in the execution of this my last Will and testament. And I do revoke hereby all other wills by me formerly made & declare this only to be my last will & testament. And I do appoint my sons John Binkley and Peter Binkley Executors thereof And in Case they or any of them shall die or move out of this State then the next oldest of my sons living in this State shall be the executor and executor thereof.
In Witness whereof I the said Peter Binkley heir for the two first Sheets & for this third & last sheet of this my last will set my hand and seal unto this third Sheet. And I do herewith acknowledge all the three Sheets comprehensively to be my last Will & Testament this third Day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninty one.
Peter Binkley (his Mark)
Executors: Sons, John and Peter.
Signed Sealed published and Declared by the said Testator Peter Binkley as and for his last Will & Testament in the presence of us who have subscribed our names and witness thereto in the presence of the said Testator, Abraham Steiner, Juret; Christian Stauber, Matthew Esterlein.

20 Aug 1793 Peter BINCKELE died at Bethania, Forsyth, North Carolina [When he died in 1793 he was the oldest member of his congregation much noted for his preaching and visiting in the homes of brethern. When he died at 89 years of age he already had 129 decendants. This has caused some difficulty in my locating just which one of his 23 children my mother and grandmother were descended from.] [Burial: Bethania Moravian Church Cemetery, Bethania, Stokes County, North Carolina] Bethania, August 20, 1793. Toward evening our old Brother Peter Binkele passed away, in our neighborhood. He was the oldest Brother in our congregation. At the time of his death, Peter was the oldest member of the Moravian Church. [Will: 1793 BINKLEY, PETER, Margaretta (wife); John Peter, Fred, Joseph, Jacob, and Christian]

10 Feb 1803 Anna Maria Margaretha GEIGER died at Bethania, Forsyth, North Carolina (buried near Bethabar. She was the widow Schemel)



Peter Binkele left a Lebenslauf or funeral memoir in accordance with Moravian custom in order to allow the deceased to "speak"at his own funeral, the first part of the memoir was usually dictated to someone else, often a number of years before the subject's death. This first part typically contains an account of the subject's secular life and the details of his spiritual journey including how he came to accept salvation. The second part, frequently introduced by a formula such as "So far his own story" was added after the person's death and contained information about the cause of death, a description of the deceased's last days and hours, an assessment of his life, and the names of any survivors. The Moravians customarily sang hymns and read Scripture to the dying, and the member's reaction to this is frequently included as well as comments the member made about his approaching death.

Because of Peter's funeral memoir, we are able to know more about him than we know about some of our other ancestors. Not only do we know his date of birth, his parents' names, his wives' names, his date of death, but we know many details of his life that might otherwise have been lost. We know of his early fatherlessness and poverty, of the ways he earned a living, of his concern for his children's education, and of his interest in spiritual matters. (Peter appears to have been very much a seeker, not satisfied with the church into which he was baptized as an infant.) And, of course, we know of the most dramatic event of his life, his being struck by lightning.

Peter's will also yields valuable information about his life. Besides documenting which of his twenty-three children survived him, it hints that Peter was a man of foresight and sound judgment. Surprisingly sophisticated, the will not only provides for the division of Peter's material goods among his survivors but also ensures the future care of his son Christian, who was evidently mentally retarded. It appears that Peter received assistance in drafting the will as Abraham Steiner signed it with the designation "Juret."

The Bethania Diary, a journal kept by the Moravians in the Bethania community, notes that at the time of his death Peter Binkley was the oldest member of their congregation Records indicate that Peter may have been a lay minister in the Moravian Church as it is recorded that he often traveled with the ordained minister on preaching journeys through the area. As a waggoner during the Revolutionary War Peter delivered supplies to the militia and earned a place on the DAR Patriot Index. He left behind a legacy of service to his God, his country, and his family that is still honored more than two hundred years after his death.

Peter Binckley's Memoir

From The Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, Volume 4, page 1824:
July 11, 1782 - Brother Binckele came to have his memoir written, which was done on the twelfth by Sister Cramer.
(A copy of the translation of the original German memoir, found in the archives of the Moravian Brethren at the Home Church, Salem, North Carolina. Translated by Dr. Adelaide Fries, archivist; copy secured from her by Ruth Carver Gardner, June 25, 1934.)

MEMOIR OF BROTHER PETER BINCKLEY
who departed this life August 29, 1793. He was born March 2, 1704, in the village of Guckensberg in Canton Berne in Switzerland. His parents were Christian Binckley and Elizabeth, maiden name Burg. In his ninth year his father passed out of Time; on account of their poverty our departed brother had been obliged to seek his support from outsiders already in his sixth year.

In his thirteenth year his mother moved into Alsace and the following year his brother came for him, and he lived with him for three years herding his cattle. Then he served another farmer for two years. The latter advised him to learn the trade of shoemaker; he had been in that work only fourteen days when he engaged himself for two years to an innkeeper as driver. The large size of the farm and many opportunities for doing evil led him to concern about the salvation of his soul. In order to get away from that place he married Anna Maria Werly and remained in the neighborhood, that is, in the Steinthal District, for twelve years, supporting his family by cutting wood in the forest and burning charcoal.

In the eighth year after his marriage, he and another man with whom he was cutting grass were struck by lightning as they had taken shelter under a beech tree from the rain, and he was so badly burned that for several weeks he was confined to his bed. This occurrence delayed for four years his plan of going to America, but meanwhile he associated himself with the Awakened People of the neighborhood.

In the year 1736 he and several other Awakened families emigrated to America, reaching Philadelphia toward the end of September. The same fall he went to Warwick (now Lititz: Dr. Fries) and remained there two years. From there he moved to Catores, nine miles above Yorktown. Here he was associated with the Separatists and heard for the first time of pious count Zinzendorf, who however had already returned to Europe. Soon after, for the first time he heard a Brother give free witness to the full atonement for sin mdae by Jesus, which was very comforting to our departed Brother, who hitherto had not so listened with open ears and heart to the doctrine of the sufferings and death of Jesus which alone could make men holy. He quietly sought every opportunity to attend services of the Brethren, where he frequently heard Brother Spangenberg preach, whereby he received some blessing.

In 1748 his wife died after a married life of about twenty-four years, blessed with fourteen children of whom six are still living. In 1749 he married widow Maria Margaretha, maiden name Geiger , and in the second marriage God gave him nine children of whom six are living. In the year 1750 he was received into Unity, and in 1752 he attended holy communion for the first time. In 1763 he moved to Manakasy to be nearer a schoolhouse, but as there he could get only one hundred acres of land and had no water, he sold that farm and in 1772 moved with his family to Wachovia and established himself three miles from Bethania.

So far his own story.
From his life here it can be said according to his own testimony that he loved the Saviour and in spite of failings and errors it was his intention to rejoice His heart; that his joy was in the Word of God and in the services of the church was manifest, for when because of advanced age he could no longer ride a horse he constantly walked three miles from home in order to attend services. In the midst of all the difficulties which surrounded him he permitted nothing to dissolve association with the Congregation, and he often said that the Saviour was his One and his All, his only comfort and Support, and how constantly he longed to be at home with Him. All who knew him honored him as an upright and peace-loving man.

As late as the eleventh of this month he came to Services and as usual he was happy and affectionate. The same evening he had a hard fall which apparently revived an injury which he had received in a fall last spring and from which he seemed to have recovered. The same evening he must go to bed, and it soon became evident that this was to be the cause of his release. The pain which he suffered was much increased by a severe cough; yet, he was bright and content when the blessedness of being with Jesus was pointed out to him. He said he did not know what the plan of the Saviour was, but he was entirely ready to submit to His will , and that he could gladly say that nothing disturbed his mind.

On the day before his home-going, he was visited by several Brethren from here; he was quite cheerful and affectionate, and he appeared much pleased by verses sung for him, during which he folded his hands together. He remained conscious to the end and passed away gently and peacefully toward evening on the twentieth of this month.

His age was eighty-nine years, five months, eighteen days. He is now in peace. Of his twenty-three children by his first and second marriages, eleven are still living. He left sixty-two grandchildren and fifty-six great-grandchildren. So that as far as we can learn the entire number of his still living children and children's children is 129.

Peter Binkley's Last Will and Testament

WILL OF PETER BINKLEY
"In the name of God Amen, I, Peter Binkley of the County of Stokes in the State of North Carolina being of Sound disposing mind, memory, and understanding through the Mercy of God, Do make and ordain this my last Will and testament in manner and form following that is to say, first and principally I resign my soul with the utmost Humility into the hands of the Almighty God my Creator humbly hoping for a blessed immortality through the merits and mediation of my blessed Savior and redeemer Jesus Christ & my body I desire may be peaceably and decently buried.
And as for such Temporal Estate as the Lord in his great goodness & mercy has given me & whereof I am now in possession I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Margaretha during her natural life all the rents interest profits and income of all my Estates both real and personal to have and to hold the same for and during her natural life and unto the full end & expiration thereof. And as for the management of my said Estate I will that after my decease an exact inventory and appraisement of all my Estate both real and personal be made by two knowing and honest Freeholders out of the Neighborhood the one of them to be chosen by my said wife Margaretha and the other by my executors hereafter to be named and if two such freeholders cannot agree then the said freeholders shall choose the third freeholder to be arbiter between them. And I will that after the execution of such inventory and appraisement/: copies whereof in writing are to be given one unto my said wife Margaretha and another unto my executors/: all my lands tenements, _______, livestock, and chattel by my said executors shall be let out at and for the most improved rent that may and can be gotten for the same for the benefit of my said wife Margaretha and therefrom she shall be maintained for and during her natural life and so that the lands tenements _____________& buildings with every thing there unto belonging or appertaining and also every thing rented away shall be kept in good order by the renter or executor I further will that my said wife Margaretha shall keep and rent the plantation whereon I now live together with the buildings thereon if she is willing so to do and in case she declines the keeping and the said plantation then the said plantation by my said executors shall be let out to any other person or persons to the best advantage as aforesaid and further I will that in any case my said wife Margaretha during her natural life shall keep unto her own use my now dwelling house without an Gift or Maturation whatsoever
I further give and bequeath unto my sons John Binkley Peter Binkley Frederick Binkley Joseph Binkley Jacob Binkley, Christian Binkley and John Shemel all in the State of North Carolina and likewise unto my son John Adam Binkley in Cumberland to each of them the sum of three pound lawful money of the State to be taken into possession by each of them within one half year after the decease of my said wife Margaretha. After deduction the above twenty four pounds which I have already disposed of, all my estate both real and personal shall be divided into fourteen equal parts of which I give unto my son John Binkley now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my son Peter Binkley now in North Carolina one part I give unto my son Joseph Binkley now in North Carolina one part I give unto my son Fredrick Binkley now in North Carolina one part I give unto my son Jacob Binkley now in North Carolina one part I give unto my son Christian Binkley now in North Carolina two parts I give unto my son John Adam Binkley now in Cumberland one part I give unto my son John Shemel/: who is a natural son of my wife Margaretha now in North Carolina one part. I give unto my Daughter Sara Bartly wife of Edward Bartly of North Carolina one part,I give unto my Daughter Christina Fisher wife of Chasper Fisher of Cumberland one part. I give unto my Daughter Catharine Honig late wife of Honig Dec'd of Stoverstown in Virginia one part, I give unto my Daughter Margaretha Wollewether wife of Ulric Wollewether of Stanton in Virginia one part I give unto my Daughter Elizabeth Herbach deceased late the wife of Georg Herbach of Manakosey in Maryland one part and whereas my daughter Elizabeth Herbach is deceased I will that the part belonging to her shall be given to and divided among the Children of her body equally to each one alike out of the above part. And I will that each of my sons and each of my Daughters shall have their part respectively within the span of one year after the above Division
And I will that my son Christian Binkley/: who seems to be of a Simple & unthoughtful Mind and disposition shall choose one of his own Brothers, with who he shall stay during the remainder of his life which Brother so chosen if he is willing to perform it shall give a bond with approved Security unto my said son Christian to be secured by any honest & able friend he may choose for that purpose that my said son Christian during the remainder of his lifetime and to the full end and expiration thereof shall stay with him the said Brother He, the said Brother during all such time shall find unto and for my said son Christian good and sufficient meat Drink clothing washing lodging and good attendance in Sickness and after his decease shall cause him to be decently buried He the said brother as a reward for his services shall have all the benefit of my son Christian's labors and after having performed all and every such Article and Articles the said brother shall have then all the inheritance which my said son Christian may then have or which he may be entitled to take possession of by virtue of this my last Will & testament
and further I will that all and every of my Children who may have had of me money land goods or chattel or any other articles whatsoever on account of their respective inheritances before the signing of this my last Will and Testament shall be accountable for the same unto my Estate and also shall pay interest at the rate of five per Centum per annum unto my Estate and the Interest to begin from the first Day of January AD one thousand seven hundred & ninety one and likewise I will that whoever afterward may get any Articles of what name soever of me or of my said Wife Margaretha on account of his or her inheritance shall therefore be accountable unto my Estate and shall pay interest as above mentioned unto my Estate of such articles from the time of taking them into possession until the final division of my Estate after the decease of my said wife Margaretha and I will that after the decease of my said Wife Margaretha any real Estate by my executors hereafter to be named shall be sold to the highest bidder and to the best advantage and I herewith empower my said executors to make good, full, and sufficient title of all my real Estate or any part thereof to any buyer thereof
And I will that my executors shall not be answerable the one for the other or for the acts, deed or defaults of the other nor shall either of them be answerable for any part of my Estate but such as shall come to his respective hands And I do hereby will and appoint that my executors shall by and out of my Estate retain & Satisfy themselves all such costs and charges as they shall reasonably be put unto in the execution of this my last Will and testament And I do revoke hereby all other wills by me formerly made & declare this only to be my last will & Testament
And I do Appoint my Sons John Binkley and Peter Binkley Executors thereof And in Case they or any of them shall die or move out of this State then the next oldest of my sons living in this State shall be the executor and executor thereof.
In Witness whereof I the said Peter Binkley heir for the two first Sheets & for this third & last sheet of this my last will set my hand and seal unto this third Sheet. And I do herewith
acknowledge all the three Sheets comprehensively to be my last Will & Testament this third Day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety one.
Peter Binkley his mark (buried at Bethania 1704-Aug 20, 1793 native of Switzerland came from Maryland in 1772 Binkele).
Executors: Sons, John and Peter.
Signed Sealed published and Declared by the said Testator Peter Binkley as and for his last will & Testament in the presence of us who have subscribed our names and witness thereto in the presence of the said Testator: Abraham Steiner, Juret: Christian Stauber, Matthew Esterlein."
Sources
Beman/King Genealogy by Virgil Hoftiezer; May 1997.
The Jarvis Family & Other Relatives by Elizabeth Harris and Faye Jarvis Moran
Echoes: A Genealogy Page.
York Co. PA church records
Jurney, James, Ancestry and Descendants of Johann Peter Frey, privately printed, Bellevue WA 1991
Further reading: Moravian Women's Memoirs, Their Related Lives, 1750-1820 by Katherine M. Faull, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, 1997



ANNA MARIA SALOME WERLE [1704-1748]
ANNA MARIA MARGARETHA GEIGER [1722-1803

Peter Binkley was born to Christen Binggeli and Elsbeth Burri on March 2, 1704, in the village of Guggisberg, Canton Bern, Switzerland. He appears to have been the fifth of at least eight children. The family was extremely poor: Peter's Moravian funeral memoir records that he "had been obliged to seek his support from outsiders already in his sixth year." Whether this was through labor, charity, or both is not clear. When his father died around 1713, his mother moved to Alsace.
The following year Peter moved in with an unnamed brother and worked for him herding cattle for three years. Peter then hired out to a farmer, for whom he worked two years. In 1719, upon the advice of the farmer, Peter became a shoemaker's apprentice. Evidently he found the work unsatisfactory almost immediately because after only two weeks he became a driver for an innkeeper. Peter's memoir indicates that soon after becoming a driver, he became concerned about the spiritual risks of his environment. The memoir reports cryptically, "In order to get away from that place he married Anna Maria Werle and remained in the neighborhood, that is, in the Steinthal District, for twelve years, supporting his family by cutting wood in the forest and burning charcoal." (One would hope that he also had other reasons for marrying Anna Maria.) However, the chronology of the memoir does not match the marriage record, which shows that they were married on February 2, 1725. Perhaps in his old age Peter had forgotten the exact date.
The Steinthal District was in what is now the French department of Bas-Rhin. Since the Protestant church in the village of Waldersbach holds records of the Werle and Binkley families, Peter must have settled in or near that village. By 1732 Anna Maria had given birth to five children, four of whom died young. Only Catharina, born June 26, 1731, survived to adulthood. By that year Peter was already planning to move his family to America. Then, while sheltering under a beech tree during a thunderstorm, Peter and a coworker were struck by lightning. Peter's burns delayed his plan to emigrate until 1736.
In that year Peter and his family travelled down the Rhine River to Rotterdam, where they boarded the Princess Augusta, an English ship captained by Samuel Marchant. In accordance with British law, the Princess Augusta stopped at Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, where she received clearance to continue her voyage. The passenger list shows four Binkleys, Peter, then age 32; another Peter, age 28; Hance, age 41; and Hance, Jr., age 18. [These last two may have been Peter's brother Johannes and his son.] As was customary at the time, the passenger list shows the names of only a few women and children.]
Durst Thommen, a fellow passenger, described the voyage to friends at home in a letter written from Philadelphia on October 20, 1736:
As to the journey, we were detained for 5 weeks, have slept on the Rhine for 2 weeks and travelled from Rotterdam across the sea for 12 weeks and 4 days until Philadelphia, but only 8 weeks from land to land, and we did not have good wind save for 8 days, more contrary winds than side wind. And as we saw land a new pilot came to us and we thought all was well and won. All evening we got good wind from behind so that the ship moved vigorously. The new pilot, however made cast anchor because it was not far (from there) dangerous; in the morning when the anchor was lifted again and on had barely gone 30 feet the boat ran into a rock, and it crashed that one thought it would break in the middle. The anxious crying began, and one could see where there was faith or not. Then the captain had a warning shot fired and had a flag of distress hoisted, but we drove far out to the sea so that we saw no land anymore for days and even thought we would never see it again. As far as illness are concerned, the Mannheim skippers had two of the boats sidewise together; in the one besides ours 7 children died of small pox and a woman of spotted fever, and in our boat 19 people died until Rotterdam. Those people who have means and are interested in this land and need not go into debt, those I advise to stay where they are because the journey is onerous and very dangerous.
The Princess Augusta arrived in Philadelphia in September. On the sixteenth the male passengers swore their allegiance to the British government at the courthouse. Hardship did not end with the arrival in Philadelphia. The colonies were under the restrictions of the Navigation Acts, designed to ensure that the English motherland received maximum benefit from her colonies. Under the terms of the Acts, only English goods could be imported into the colonies. The passengers on the Princess Augusta, being primarily Europeans seeking a new home, had naturally brought with them a number of personal and household items. As described in a petition by Durst Thommen, the immigrants had replaced their household goods with less bulky versions of the same items before they reached Rotterdam. These were seized by the authorities at Philadelphia, presumably on the pretext that the items were for resale. The passengers appealed in a petition drafted by passengers Nicholas Tainy, Benedict Youghly, Bastian Graffts, and George Graffts. Although the appeal was initially successful, the authorities took advantage of the death of the judge to ignore his order; and in spite of the subsequent petition, drafted by Thommen, the government sold the goods and retained the proceeds.
Having already associated himself with Moravians in Alsace, Peter settled first at Warwick (now called Lititz)in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. There, in February 1738, Anna Maria gave birth to a daughter, Christina, their first child born in America. Later that year the family moved to Catores, in York County, where six more children were born to them. Of these, four died in infancy or early childhood, including Anna Maria's last children, twins born in September 1745,who died at or soon after birth. Three years later, in September 1748, Anna Maria died at the age of 44. On February 3, 1749, Peter married Anna Maria Margaretha Geiger Shemel. The widow of John Shemel, Margaretha had a two-and-a-half year old son, John Warner, whom Peter accepted and loved as his own. Peter and Margaretha's first child, Elisabeth, was born in December of that year, the first of nine children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. Details about one child are unknown, and Anna Maria, born in 1755, died four years later. Two of the children were described as "simple minded": Christian, born in 1751, who lived to be 48, and a second Anna Maria, born in 1764, who died when she was 25. In 1750 Peter finally became a member of the Moravian Church and two years later received Communion for the first time. (It was common among Moravians for there to be a prolonged period of membership before first communion.)
In 1763 Peter moved his family to Monocacy, Frederick County, Maryland, on or near the present site of Camp David. According to his funeral memoir, he moved in order to be closer to a school. This is puzzling: surely there was a school closer to his Pennsylvania residence than Maryland. In any event, the land did not have adequate water; and in 1771, he again moved his family to North Carolina. In 1753 the Moravians had purchased nearly 100,000 acres of land in North Carolina. They called this tract Wachau, later Wachovia; and it was to Wachovia that Peter moved. He settled on a farm three miles from the Moravian community of Bethania (then in Stokes County, now in Forsyth County). On September 30, 1771, Peter posted a bond to guarantee that he would resell the 307 acres he had purchased only to a Moravian. On November 3 a Moravian record keeper noted, "This fall again several families have come from Pennsylvania; one of them, a Communicant Brother from Manakasy, named Binkele, has bought 300 acres near Heinrich Schmidt..." At least one child did not accompany the family to North Carolina. Daughter Elisabeth had married George Johann Harbaugh on January 23, 1770, and remained in Maryland with him and their children until her death in 1780. By this time daughter Anna Margaretha, born in 1735, was also married, to Hans Ulrich Fulwider, and daughter Catherina, born 1727, was probably married to George Honig, of whom nothing is known. It is likely that both of these daughters were living in Virginia.
Moravian records do not indicate that Peter's life was much different from that of a typical farmer of the day. He sometimes travelled with clergymen as they made their rounds of the community. The Bethania Diary entry for May 30,1777, notes, "Early in the morning I set out with Br. Pinkely, going by Mr. Walker, Linshy, Artshy and Anderson, spending the night at the last-named place, on our way to the German settlement on the Reedy Fork, where we were received with much love." And on June 5, 1777, the Salem Diary records that,"Brother Ernst and his companion the elder Brother Pinkle returned from his preaching tour to the Reedy Fork of Haw River. Last Sunday he preached there in the Lutheran Church and baptised six children, and afterwards visited in many of the homes."
By this time the colonies were at war with England. Although officially pacifists, many Moravians could not ignore entirely their pro-colonist sentiments. Three of Peter's sons, Adam, Frederick, and Peter, served in the Revolutionary Army. And Peter himself rendered civilian service to the revolutionary cause as noted in the Salem Diary on February 15, 1779: "Peter Binkele set out today for the second time for the south, taking baggage for the militia there. He came here 14 days ago, and turned back; today there was only one man with him, and we hear there should have been thirty, who were left from the last Draft." The Daughters of the American Revolution have honored Peter for this patriotic service, making his descendants eligible for membership.
Count Zinzendorf, a leading figure in Moravian history, had instituted the tradition of the Lebenslauf, or funeral memoir, so that the deceased might have a voice at his own service. On July 11, 1782, the seventy-eight-year-old Peter, being illiterate, went to Sister Cramer to dictate to her his memoir. By March 1791 Peter found it prudent to make his will. It is noteworthy that he treated his stepson, John Shemel, as one of his birth children and that he made thoughtful provision for the mentally retarded Christian. By the time of Peter's will daughter Christina had moved to what is now Robertson County, Tennessee, with her husband Caspar Fischer; and son Adam had moved to what is now Cheatham County, Tennessee.
Peter remained active almost to the end of his long life. When health problems prevented his riding horseback to church, he walked the three miles to Bethania. In the spring of 1793, he suffered a fall. However, on August 11, he suffered another fall, from which, it soon became apparent, he would not recover. In accordance with Moravian custom, members of the congregation visited him in his last days to comfort him with hymns. His funeral memoir says, "He remained conscious to the end and passed away gently and peacefully toward evening on the twentieth of this month." Peter was buried in the churchyard at the Bethania Moravian Church, where he was the oldest member of the Bethania congregation.
By 1800 two more of his children, John and Jacob, had left North Carolina for Tennessee. Son Christian, who after his father's death had chosen to live with his half-brother John Shemel, died in April 1799. Peter's widow, Margaretha, outlived him by nearly ten years, dying on February 10, 1803, at the age of 81. She was buried in the Dobb's Parish Graveyard. Peter's funeral memoir ends with the note that "Of his twenty-three children by his first and second marriages, eleven are still living. He left sixty-two grandchildren and fifty-six great-grandchildren. So that as far as we can learn the entire number of his still living children and childrenís children is 129." No one knows how many descendants Peter has had or how many of them are living today. The author of the postmortem portion of his funeral memoir wrote, "All who knew him honored him as an upright and peace-loving man" as many of his descendants so honor him today.


SOURCES

Bridget McCartney Rogier, Compiler, Peter Binkley, Born 1704 and His Descendants, 1997.

"Memoir of Brother Peter Binkley," translated by Dr. Adelaide Fries, 1934, Southern Moravian Archives, Winston Salem, North Carolina.

Pat Smith, e-mail patcatsmith@earthlink.net.

Ralph Beaver Strassburger, William John Hinke, Editor, Pennsylvania German Pioneers, A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals In the Port of Philadelphia From 1727 to 1808, Pennsylvania German Society, Norristown, Pennsylvania, 1934,pp.162-167.[Data posted on "The Olive Tree Genealogy" by Eleanor Orthune, August 2, 2001.]

Adelaide C. Fries, Editor, The Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, Volume 2 ,North Carolina Historical Commission, Raleigh, 1925.

Adelaide C. Fries, Editor, The Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, Volume3,North Carolina Historical Commission, Raleigh, 1925.

Public Accounts of the State of North Carolina, 1-6; pp. 118-126, (Original manuscript in keeping of North Carolina Historical Commission).

Letter by Durs Thommen, published in "On The Power of Pietism" by Leo Schelbert, PhD, in the Historic Scaefferstown Record," Vol. 17, Issues No. 3 & 4, provided by Wayne Strasbaugh, posted at http://www.mcn.org/2/noel/voyage.htm.

Katherine M. Faull, Moravian Womenís Memoirs, Their Related Lives, 1750-1820,Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York,1997.

Chester S. Davis, Hidden Seed and Harvest, A History of the Moravians, Wachovia Historical Society, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 1973.
PETER BINKLEY [1704-1793]